The following vaccinations are essential:

Typhoid:

Injections and oral capsules are available.It is a must, if visiting places with poor hygienic conditions.

The occurrence of these diseases is worldwide and both are fatal, if contracted. The first course is of three injections, followed by a booster dose which is given after 10 years.

Hepatitis A :

After diarrhoea, this is the most commonly acquired illness when travelling. The Havrix 1440 or the VAQTA vaccine provides immunity for as much as 10 years. There is an initial injection, followed by a booster in six to 12 months. The Gamma Globulin injection also provides immunity. This is a readymade antidote and provides instant, but short-term protection of two to six months depending on the strength of the dose.

Hepatitis B:

India has a high incidence level of Hepatitis B infections. The vaccination for this involves three injections, the shortest course lasting a month with a booster in 12 months.

Rabies:

A vaccination for rabies is recommended for those who wish to travel cycling, have the chance of handling animals or travelling to remote places. Those who take the precautionary vaccine before their travel begins, will have to take two booster doses if scratched or bitten by an infected animal.

There are ions in the subcontinent that may be termed as high-risk areas for this disease and living in these places for over two months, with close interaction with the population will bear the risk of infection. Places known for high-risk are the hilly districts of the Himalayan region and the backward tribal areas of the sub-continent. The recommended vaccine is the BCG, which is a must for women and children who might have to prolong their stay in such areas.

A single injection ensures protection for three years, albeit not too effective for children under three. The vaccine is recommended for visitors venturing to the hilly regions of India and certain areas of Nepal.

Malaria:

Except in the higher reaches of the Himalayan foothills and areas beyond one carries a high risk of contracting Malaria in almost all parts of the country. Though Anti-malarial drugs do not keep one from contracting the disease, it drastically reduces the growth of the parasites and kills them, keeping the patient from becoming seriously ill. However, one has to consider factors like side effects of medication, the area in particular, personal health history, whether pregnant or a child or an adult etc. Professional advice is recommended, in this matter.

The dosage for this is three injections over 30 days. Beware of an allergic reaction to this vaccine. It is recommended that one opts for the dosage, if one is scheduled to stay for over a month or is liable to make repeated trips to various areas classified under high-risk. Health Insurance is an aspect to consider seriously. Ensure that you have a policy before you commence your travel. Also that it covers all aspects adequately and is valid for the entire duration of your stay.