Injections
and oral capsules are available.It is a must, if visiting
places with poor hygienic conditions.
Diptheria
and Tetanus:
The
occurrence of these diseases is worldwide and both are fatal,
if contracted. The first course is of three injections,
followed by a booster dose which is given after 10 years.
Hepatitis
A :
After diarrhoea, this is the most commonly acquired illness
when travelling. The Havrix 1440 or the VAQTA vaccine provides
immunity for as much as 10 years. There is an initial injection,
followed by a booster in six to 12 months. The Gamma Globulin
injection also provides immunity. This is a readymade antidote
and provides instant, but short-term protection of two to
six months depending on the strength of the dose.
A
combined vaccine of Hepatitis A and B is available by the
name Twinrix, which is
administered by three injections over a period of six months.
Hepatitis
B:
India
has a high incidence level of Hepatitis B infections. The
vaccination for this involves three injections, the shortest
course lasting a month with a booster in 12 months.
Rabies:
A
vaccination for rabies is recommended for those who wish
to travel cycling, have the chance of handling animals or
travelling to remote places. Those who take the precautionary
vaccine before their travel begins, will have to take two
booster doses if scratched or bitten by an infected animal.
Tuberculosis:
There
are ions in the subcontinent that may be termed as high-risk
areas for this disease and living in these places for over
two months, with close interaction with the population will
bear the risk of infection. Places known for high-risk are
the hilly districts of the Himalayan region and the backward
tribal areas of the sub-continent. The recommended vaccine
is the BCG, which is a must for women and children who might
have to prolong their stay in such areas.
Meningococcal
Meningitis:
A
single injection ensures protection for three years, albeit
not too effective for children under three. The vaccine
is recommended for visitors venturing to the hilly regions
of India and certain areas of Nepal.
Malaria:
Except
in the higher reaches of the Himalayan foothills and areas
beyond one carries a high risk of contracting Malaria in
almost all parts of the country. Though Anti-malarial drugs
do not keep one from contracting the disease, it drastically
reduces the growth of the parasites and kills them, keeping
the patient from becoming seriously ill. However, one has
to consider factors like side effects of medication, the
area in particular, personal health history, whether pregnant
or a child
or an adult etc. Professional advice is recommended, in
this matter.
Japanese
B Encephalitis:
The
dosage for this is three injections over 30 days. Beware
of an allergic reaction to this vaccine. It is recommended
that one opts for the dosage, if one is scheduled to stay
for over a month or is liable to make repeated trips to
various areas classified under high-risk. Health Insurance
is an aspect to consider seriously. Ensure that you have
a policy before you commence your travel. Also that it covers
all aspects adequately and is valid for the entire duration
of your stay.
